World History Class

Alexander the Great spread Hellenic culture throughout all the lands he conquered

Gustavus Adolphus was the Lutheran warrior-king

The Augsburg Confession was the first Protestant confession of faith

Babar established the Mogul empire in India.

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote all his music “to the glory of God”

Vasco de Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean

The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was the most infamous day of the French religious wars.

Ludwig von Beethoven was a great musician who wrote Moonlight Sonata

Portuguese Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil.

Julius Caesar defeated Pompey in Rome’s first civil war

Canute was a Danish king of England.

William Carey was the “Father of Modern Missions”

Miguel de Cervantez wrote Don Quixote

Charlemagne was the Frankish king who was crowned “Emperor of the Romans”

Chiang-Kai-shek led the nationalists in China’s civil war

A “classic” is a work that has stood the test of time

Gaspard de Coligny was a French Protestant leader

Constantine was the first Roman Emperor to make a profession of conversion to Christianity

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric view of the universe

Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztec Indians of Mexico.

Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley were Protestant leaders during the reign of Edward VI

“Culture” means the way of life of group of people

Cuneiform was the Sumerian form of writing

Cyrus established the great Persian empire

Democracy is defined as “rule by the many”

Albrecht Durer drew “Praying Hands”.

England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588

Desiderius Erasmus produced the first printed edition of the New Testament in the original Greek

A fief is a piece of land in feudalism

John Foxe wrote the Book of Martyrs

Gregory was the first medieval pope

Johann Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press around 1440

Hammurabi created an ancient law code in Babylon.

Hannibal led war elephants against Rome.

Hatshepsut was Egypt’s only female pharaoh (according to this text book)

King Henry VIII began the English Reformation

Heraldry was worn on armor for identification

Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

The Huguenots were French Protestants

John Huss was a great Protestant leader during the Reformation in Bohemia

The Inquisition was a Roman Catholic court established to try “heretics”

English King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215

Johannes Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion

Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest African mountain.

John Knox led the Protestants in Scotland

Ignatius Loyola found the Jesuits

Martin Luther debated Johann Eck at the University of Leipzig

Martin Luther posted the 95 theses on October 31, 1517 beginning the Protestant Reformation

Nelson Mandela was South Africa’s first black president

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child genius who wrote the Magic Flute

Mansa Musa was the great African empire builder.

Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel.

The opera form was created by Monteverdi

Muhammad was the founder of Islam.

The Edict of Nantes was made by Henry IV to grant toleration of the Huguenots.

Nebuchadnezzar ruled Babylon

Nero was the first Roman emperor who persecuted Christians.

Isaac Newton was the “Father of Modern Science”.

The Council of Nicea rejected Arianism.

The longest river in the world is the Nile

Nimrod was the builder of the first empire.

Noah’s sons were Shem, Ham and Japheth

The Greek gods supposedly lived on Mt. Olympus.

William of Orange (aka the Silent) was the “Father of Dutch Liberties”

The Parthenon was a beautiful Greek temple

The Roman rich were called the patricians

Pericles was the great statesman of ancient Athens.

Commodore Perry opened the land of Japan.

Someone who worships many gods is called a polytheist

The Moors were driven from Spain during the Reconquista

Richilieu was a powerful French cardinal

Rembrandt von Rijn was a great Dutch painter

Rome won the Punic Wars.

Anwar el-Sadat was an Egyptian hero who became president

Scholasticism combined Greek philosophy with Roman theology

The Sepoy Rebellion convinced the British to seize control of India

William Shakespeare was the greatest English author of all time

The Biblical name for Babylon is “Shinar”

Shinto is the oldest surviving religion of Japan.

Sparta won the Peloponnesian War

Tertullian was an early church father and Christian martyr.

Before the kings, Israel’s government was a theocracy

Empress Theodora influenced Justinian’s law code.

Mary Tudor was called “Bloody Mary”.

Tutankhamen was an Egyptian pharaoh.

Isaac Watts is called the “Father of the English Hymn”

The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years’ War

John Wilkins was the Puritan clergyman who was instrumental in forming the Royal Society

William the Conqueror won the Battle of Hastings in 1066

John Wycliffe was the “Morning Star of the Reformation”.

Anwar el-Sadat

Asoka

Achmed Sukarno

Babar

Book of the Dead

Boxer Rebellion

Buddhism

Caste system

Cheops

Chiang Kai-shek

China oldest living civilization

Commodore Perry

Cush

David Livingstone

Dr. Sun Yat-sen

East India Company

Edesius and Frementius

Ferdinand Marcos

Hatshepsut

Ho Chi Minh

Hyksos

India’s greatest contribution to civilization

J. Hudson Taylor

Jonathan Goble

Khama

Korea, which is communist?

Lake Tanganyika

Lake Victoria

Liberia

Mansa Musa

Marco Polo

Menes

Mount Fuji

Mount Kilimanjaro

Neesima

Nelson Mandela

Nile river valley

Paper, first country to have

Ptolemy

Rosetta Stone

Sahara

Samurai

Shih-Huang Ti

Shinto

Taj Mahal

Taoism

Townsend Harris

William Carrey

Essay: Compare Hinduism with Buddhism and discuss at least two effects these false religions have had on the people of Asia. 

Achilles – famous Greek hero of Homer’s works

Acropolis – hilltop fortress

Apologist – defender of the faith

Aristocracy – the type of government that means “rule by the best”

Aristotle – tutored Alexander the Great

Augustine – wrote City of God

Battle of Salamis – a great defeat for the Persian navy

Blandina – brave Christian girl martyred for her faith

Caste system – the name of the strict social class system in India

Catacombs – underground tunnels

Chiang Kai-shek – led the Nationalist Chinese in their civil war

Constantine – granted toleration to Christians with the Edict of Milan

Cuneiform – Sumerian wedge writing

Cyril and Methodius – famous Byzantine missionaries

Cyrus – the great ruler who united the Medes and Persians to begin the Persian Empire

Democracy – rule by the many or the common people

Diocletian – initiated the tenth and greatest persecution

Draco – known for his merciless law code

Gladiator – criminal forced to fight in a public show

Greek liturgy – used by the Eastern Orthodox Church

Hagia Sophia – the magnificent cathedral built by Justinian

Hammurabi – Old Babylonian ruler who produced a famous law code

Hannibal – great Carthaginian general

Herodotus – Greek “father of history”

Hippocrates – a great Greek physician

Homer – wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Iconoclast – image destroyer

J. Hudson Taylor – founded China Inland Mission

Jerome – produced the Latin Vulgate

Justinian – greatest of the Byzantine rulers

Koine – the type of Greek in which the New Covenant was written

Leonidas – Spartan general

Mansa Musa – founded the African empire of Mali

Marco Polo – an Italian explorer who served the great Kublai Khan

Messiah – the Hebrew word for “Anointed One”

Minoans – a people who lived on the island of Crete, developed a highly skilled civilization

Mt. Vesuvius – volcano that erupted, burying Herculaneum and Pompeii in ash

Nero – Roman emperor who began the first persecution of Christians

New Rome – also called Constantinople, Istanbul, Byzantium

Octavian – defeated Antony at the Battle of Actium

Oligarchy – rule by the few

Ottoman Turks – successfully conquered Byzantium

Pantheon – a Roman temple and an excellent example of classical architecture

Pax Romana – period of peace and prosperity during the days of the Roman Empire

Peisistratus – was the first tyrant of Athens

Pericles – great Athenian statesman

Philip II – ruler of Macedonia who conquered nearly all of Greece; father of Alexander the Great

Plebian – common people of Rome

Pedagogue – educated slave

Punic Wars – the wars between Rome and Carthage

Reincarnation – Hindu belief in “life after death”

Rubicon – rive Julius Caesar crossed to become the master of Rome

Salamis – first major naval battle

Sulla – beat Marius, the champion of the Senate in Rome’s first civil war

Theodora – the empress who was a great influence on Justinian’s law code

Three famous Pharaohs – Ramses, Cheops, Tutankhamen

Townsend Harris – opened Japan to missions

William Carey – “father of modern missions”

Zeus – the supposed king of the Greek gods

100 AD – date by which the New Covenant was completed

March 15, 44 AD – date when Julius Caesar was murdered

What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy?

What usefulness did the courageous suffering of persecution have for the early church?

Why was Arianism such a threat to the early church?

Why was it wrong to make Christianity the only state religion?

p.164 The Petrine Theory stated that Christ founded His church on Peter, not Himself.

p.165 Gregory was the first medieval pope.

p.165 “Pope” comes from the Latin word for “father”.

p.165 Sacraments are sacred acts that “earn” God’s grace.

p.166 Patrick was the famous missionary to Ireland.

p.167 The Council of Toulouse made it illegal for anyone but the church to own a Bible.

p.167 A breviary is a service and worship book.

p.168 The monastic orders included the Benedictines, Dominicans and the Franciscans.

p.168 Monasticism is withdrawing from society.

p.169 Friars were monks that preached and did missionary work.

p.171 The Mayor of the Palace had much power during the Merovingian rule.

p.171 Clovis was the great Frankish king who began the Merovingian line of kings.

p.171 Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours.

p.172 Pepin gave the Papal States, a huge tract of land across central Italy, to the pope.

p.172 Charlemagne was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” on Christmas Day, AD 800.

p.172 Charlemagne built the largest empire since the Roman Empire.

p.173 Charlemagne’s empire was divided into three parts by the Treaty of Verdun.

p.174 Vikings from Scandinavia invaded the coastlines of Europe and England.

p.174 The First Crusade met with limited success, establishing 4 kingdoms in Palestine.

p.176 Otto the Great was instrumental in founding the Holy Roman Empire.

p.177 Frederick Barbarossa (Red Beard) came from the Hohenstaufen line of kings.

p.179 The papacy achieved its zenith of power and prestige under Pope Innocent III.

p.179 “Going to Canossa” was a phrase associated with submission to the pope.

p.182 The Great Schism was a time of rival popes within the Catholic Church

p.185 Feudalism is a way of life based upon the ownership and use of land.

p.185 A fief is a piece of land owned by a feudal lord.

p.186 Dante wrote the Divine Comedy.

p.188. Demesne is the lord’s land that was worked by the serfs.

p.191 Richard I led the Third Crusade.

p.191 Saladin was a sultan of Egypt who successfully united the Muslims against the Crusaders.

p.191 Bernard of Clairvaux preached for the Second Crusade.

p.193 A burgher is a middle class member of a town.

p.194 Flanders was known for its wool.

p.194 A guild is an association of trade unions.

p.195 The Medicis were the powerful banking family in Florence.

p.196 Gothic churches are known for their tall walls and large pointed windows.

p.197 The oldest German university was located at Prague.

p.197 The first medieval university was established in Salerno.

p.197 The terrible Black Death (Plague) killed 1/3 to ½ of the European population.

p.198 Scholasticism is the combination of Greek philosophy with Roman theology.

p.198 Thomas Aquinas promoted scholasticism and Thomism.

p.198 John Wycliffe was called “the Morning Star of the Reformation.”

p.199 Roger Bacon was an early medieval scientist from England.

p.200 John Huss preached the truth of God’s Word in Bohemia

p.201 Thomas Aquinas wrote The Imitation of Christ.

p.201 Gerhard Groote began the Brethren of the Common Life.

p.201 Savonarola was the fiery preacher of Florence.

p.202 Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.

p.203 Patrons support the arts with their own money.

p.203 Machiavelli wrote The Prince.

p.205 The Italian artist Michelangelo sculpted David and Moses.

p.205 Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper.

p.206 Raphael painted The School of Athens.

p.207 Johann Gutenberg invented the moveable-type printing press around 1440.

Essay: Explain how the Middle Ages can truly be called the Dark Ages. Discuss at least two of the following factors that helped Bring Europe out of the Dark Ages:

a.    How Europe held a spiritually darkened view of Christianity that promoted ignorance of the Scripture.

b.    The moral bankruptcy of the papacy

c.    The establishment of the Petrine Theory, the sacraments and the sale of indulgences

d.    The feudal system of considering people property of the lords

e.    The growth of towns and commerce.

f.     Growing freedom

g.    Rise of universities and learning

h.    The forerunners of the Reformation

i.      The Renaissance of classical learning

j.      The invention of the printing press.